Hypertension
Hypertension is defined as persistently raised blood pressure exceeding about 140 mmHg (systolic) and 90 mmHg (diastolic) at rest. Hypertension is usually symptomless but may cause headaches and visual disturbances when severe. Hypertension increses the risk of stroke, coronary artey disease and heart failure, and may eventually lead to kidney damage and retinopathy. (e.g : Primary/Essential Hypertension, Secondary Hypertension, Malignant Hypertension)

Diabetes Mellitus
Disorder caused by insufficient or absent production of the hormone insulin by the pancreas, or because the tissues are resistant to the effects. Insulin is responsible for the absorption of glucose into cells. Lack of insulin causes high blood levels of glucose, resulting in the passage of large quantities of urine and excessive thirst. Other symptoms are weight loss, hunger and fatigue. Undiagnosed diabetes can lead to blurred vision, boils, and tingling or numbness of the hands and feet. Complications of diabetes mellitus include retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and nephropathy and ulcers on the feet. People with diabetes mellitus also have greater risk of atherosclerosis, hypertension, other cardiovascular disorders and cataracts. (e.g. Type I - Insulin dependent diabetes, Type II - Non insulin dependent diabetes)

Cardiovascular Disease
Disorders of the heart, blood vessels and blood circulation. (e.g : Ischemic Heart Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Attack, Heart Failure)

Tumours
A term that describes any swelling but which is generally used to refer to an abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells in a specific area reproduce at an increased rate. Tumours can be cancerous and non-cancerous.

Cancers
It’s a group of cells (usually derived from a single cell) that has lost its normal control mechanism and thus has unregulated growth. Cancerous (malignant) cells can develop from any tissue within any organ. As cancerous cells grow and multiply, they form a mass of cancerous tissue.

Cysts
An abnormal and usually harmless lump or swelling, filled with fluid or semi-solid material. Cysts occur in body organs.

Nodules
Nodule is a small lump of tissue. A nodule may protrude from the skin's surface or from deep under the skin.

Polyps
A growth that projects, usually on a stalk, from the lining of the nose, the cervix, the intestine, the larynx, or any other mucous membrane. Some types of polyp are liable to develop into cancer.(e.g: Colon polyp, nasal polyp)

Stones of urinary system and biliary system
Stones or calculus are small, hard collections of solid material within the body. Urinary system or urinary tract are the part of the body concerned with the formation and excretion of urine. The urinary tract consists of the kidneys (with their blood and nerve supplies), the renal pelvises (funnel-shaped ducts that channel urine from the kidneys), the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The biliary system is defined as the organs and ducts by which bile is formed, concentrated and carried from the liver to the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) (e.g: kidney / renal stones, gallstones)

All ear, nose (including sinuses) and throat conditions
The ear, nose and, throat have two things in common: they are located near each other and have separate but related function. Some common disorders affect the ear, nose and throat: hearing loss (ear), otitis (ear), meniere's disease (ear), deviated nasal septum (nose), sinusitis (sinus), laryngitis (throat), tonsillitis (tonsil) and thyroiditis (thyroid).

Hernias
Protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak area in the muscle or other tissue that normally contains it. The term is usually applied to a protrusion of the intestine through the abdominal wall.(e.g: Inguinal Hernia, Umbilical Hernia, Hiatus)

Fistulae
Fistula is an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between two organs. Fistulas may be present from birth or may be acquired as a result of tissue damage.(e.g: Anal Fistulae)

Hydrocele
Hydrocele is a soft, painless swelling in the scrotum caused by the space around the testis filling with fluid. A hydrocele may be caused by inflammation, infection, or injury to the testis; occasionally the cause is a tumour.

Varicocele
Varicocele is varicose veins surrounding a testis.

Endometriosis including disease of the reproduction system
Endometriosis is a noncancerous disorder in which pieces of endometrial tissue-normally occurring only in the lining of the uterus (endometrium)-grow outside the uterus.

Vertebro-spinal disorders (including disc) and knee conditions
Spine is the column of bones and cartilage that extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis, enclosing the spinal cord. The spine is made up of 33 roughly cylindrical vertebrae. Between each pair of vertebrae lies a disc-shaped pad of cartilage called an intervertebral disc. Knee is the hinge joint between the femur (thighbone) and tibia (shin). (example: Prolapsed Intervetebra Disc - Discectomy, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear - Endoscopic Reconstruction of ACL)